GALR2 (galanin receptor type 2) belongs to the 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPCR1) family and serves as the receptor for the neuropeptide hormone Galanin, GALP (Galanin-like peptide), and Spexin-1. Galanin is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide and an important neuromodulator in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis.  Galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior.  Galanin potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways.

GALR2 (galanin receptor type 2) belongs to the 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPCR1) family and serves as the receptor for the neuropeptide hormone Galanin, GALP (Galanin-like peptide), and Spexin-1. Galanin is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide and an important neuromodulator in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis.  Galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior.  Galanin potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways.

 

Product Details

 

Gene Symbol: GALR2; GAL-R2; GALNR; GALNR2; GAL2-R; GALR-2

 

NCBI Gene ID: 8811

 

Uniprot Entry: O43603

 

Construct Details: Full length human GALR2 gene is subcloned into the Lentiviral expression vector pLTC with an upstream CMV promoter and with or without a selection marker, which can be used for both transient and stable expression in mammalian cells.  It can be co-transfected with the LentiPAK DNA mix (SKU# LP-001) into HEK293 cells to produce high titer lentiviral particles. Multiple choices of a stable antibiotic selection marker are available.

 

Vector Type: pLTC or pLTC-IRES-Marker (lentiviral expression vector containing a heterologous CMV promoter, see the vector map above)

 

Formulation: Supplied with 10 μg of endotoxin-free plasmid DNA at 200 ng/μl in sterile TE buffer (pH8.0)

 

Gene Insert Size: 1164 (bp)

 

Gene Insert Sequence:  

ATGAACGTCTCGGGCTGCCCAGGGGCCGGGAACGCGAGCCAGGCGGGCGGCGGGGGAGGCTGGCACCCCG

AGGCGGTCATCGTGCCCCTGCTCTTCGCGCTCATCTTCCTCGTGGGCACCGTGGGCAACACGCTGGTGCT

GGCGGTGCTGCTGCGCGGCGGCCAGGCGGTCAGCACTACCAACCTGTTCATCCTTAACCTGGGCGTGGCC

GACCTGTGTTTCATCCTGTGCTGCGTGCCCTTCCAGGCCACCATCTACACCCTGGACGGCTGGGTGTTCG

GCTCGCTGCTGTGCAAGGCGGTGCACTTCCTCATCTTCCTCACCATGCACGCCAGCAGCTTCACGCTGGC

CGCCGTCTCCCTGGACAGGTATCTGGCCATCCGCTACCCGCTGCACTCCCGCGAGCTGCGCACGCCTCGA

AACGCGCTGGCAGCCATCGGGCTCATCTGGGGGCTGTCGCTGCTCTTCTCCGGGCCCTACCTGAGCTACT

ACCGCCAGTCGCAGCTGGCCAACCTGACCGTGTGCCATCCCGCGTGGAGCGCCCCTCGCCGCCGCGCCAT

GGACATCTGCACCTTCGTCTTCAGCTACCTGCTTCCTGTGCTGGTTCTCGGCCTGACCTACGCGCGCACC

TTGCGCTACCTCTGGCGCGCCGTCGACCCGGTGGCCGCGGGCTCGGGTGCCCGGCGCGCCAAGCGCAAGG

TGACACGCATGATCCTCATCGTGGCCGCGCTCTTCTGCCTCTGCTGGATGCCCCACCACGCGCTCATCCT

CTGCGTGTGGTTCGGCCAGTTCCCGCTCACGCGCGCCACTTATGCGCTTCGCATCCTCTCGCACCTGGTC

TCCTACGCCAACTCCTGCGTCAACCCCATCGTTTACGCGCTGGTCTCCAAGCACTTCCGCAAAGGCTTCC

GCACGATCTGCGCGGGCCTGCTGGGCCGTGCCCCAGGCCGAGCCTCGGGCCGTGTGTGCGCTGCCGCGCG

GGGCACCCACAGTGGCAGCGTGTTGGAGCGCGAGTCCAGCGACCTGTTGCACATGAGCGAGGCGGCGGGG

GCCCTTCGTCCCTGCCCCGGCGCTTCCCAGCCATGCATCCTCGAGCCCTGTCCTGGCCCGTCCTGGCAGG

GCCCAAAGGCAGGCGACAGCATCCTGACGGTTGATGTGGCCTGA

 

 

Primers: Gene insert coding sequence can be confirmed by following primers:

(a) forward (or 5'-end) primer: 5’-CAAATGGGCGGTAGGCGTG-3’;

(b) reverse (or 3'-end) primer: 5’-CCAGGTTTCCGGGCCCTCAC-3’

 

 

Note: The sequence may vary due to the naturally occurring variants or mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, or the artifact during PCR amplification.  High fidelity PCR systems should always be used. 

 

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

Restriction: This product is not transferable or re-sellable.  Customer obtain no right to transfer, assign, or sublicense its use rights, or to transfer, resell, package, or otherwise distribute the product, or to use the product for the benefit of any third party or for any commercial purpose.  Customer may only use the product in compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, regulations and rules.  Customer may not directly or indirectly use the product or allow the transfer, transmission, export or re-export of all or any part of the product in violation of any export control law or regulation of the united states or any other relevant jurisdiction.  Your use of this product constitutes acceptance of the terms of this limited use agreement.  Please refer to our “terms & conditions” for details.  If you are not willing to accept the limitation of this agreement, G&P Biosciences will accept return of the product for a full/partial refund.

 

Storage

 

The product is shipped at 4°C. Upon receipt, centrifuge the product briefly before opening the vial. It is recommended to store small aliquots at the temperature below –20°C for long-term storage and the product is stable for 6 months. 

 

 

 

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

 

 

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

Restriction: This product is not transferable or re-sellable.  Customer obtain no right to transfer, assign, or sublicense its use rights, or to transfer, resell, package, or otherwise distribute the product, or to use the product for the benefit of any third party or for any commercial purpose.  Customer may only use the product in compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, regulations and rules.  Customer may not directly or indirectly use the product or allow the transfer, transmission, export or re-export of all or any part of the product in violation of any export control law or regulation of the united states or any other relevant jurisdiction.  Your use of this product constitutes acceptance of the terms of this limited use agreement.  Please refer to our “terms & conditions” for details.  If you are not willing to accept the limitation of this agreement, G&P Biosciences will accept return of the product for a full/partial refund.

 

References

 

 

 

Additional supporting documents, including product datasheet, COA and MSDS are available upon request.

 

 

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE IN HUMAN.

Restriction: This product is not transferable or re-sellable.  Customer obtain no right to transfer, assign, or sublicense its use rights, or to transfer, resell, package, or otherwise distribute the product, or to use the product for the benefit of any third party or for any commercial purpose.  Customer may only use the product in compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, regulations and rules.  Customer may not directly or indirectly use the product or allow the transfer, transmission, export or re-export of all or any part of the product in violation of any export control law or regulation of the united states or any other relevant jurisdiction.  Your use of this product constitutes acceptance of the terms of this limited use agreement.  Please refer to our “terms & conditions” for details.  If you are not willing to accept the limitation of this agreement, G&P Biosciences will accept return of the product for a full/partial refund.